AMOLED, OLED, IPS, TFT, etc.: What are the differences between these types of displays and which one is better

If a person "is famous for his clothes and his heart is his heart", then TVs, computer monitors, smartphones and tablets will appear on the display. They also often see off. When buying such a device, it is not always possible to personally evaluate the aesthetics and other characteristics of its screen, because many transactions are conducted over the Internet. However, if you know the meaning of the 3 letters, it is easy to understand the display effect of the device even if you do not see it.

For example, LED, LCD, IPS, TFT, OLED, QLED, AMOLED. All of these are screen manufacturing technologies that determine its characteristics. Let's talk about LED, AMOLED, QLED, OLED displays and their differences with IPS, TFT, LCD, etc.

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LCD and LED LCD, TFT, LED, AMOLED and other "ice" are just abbreviations, the difference between them is worlds apart. In addition, some of these concepts are unparalleled. So, no one will tell you which TV is best: LCD or LED, because LCD (large iquid ç rystal d isplay) is a liquid crystal display or just LCD, and LED (large mitting d IODE) is one of the types Its backlight (LED). In other words, the TV can be LCD and LED at the same time

The structure diagram of the LED backlight LCD screen is shown in the figure below:

TFT and LCD "How about TFT TV? Is it better or worse than liquid crystal?" Not because TFT is a type of liquid crystal display in active matrix LCD. Active matrix is a display color management system in which each pixel is controlled by its own set of thin film micro transistors

The LCD screens of all modern TVs, monitors, smartphones, and tablets have an active matrix, so it is not appropriate to compare these devices with LCDs and TFTs. TFT and IPS. IPS properties and version "But IPS screens are definitely better than TFTs. It's not useless to write this on the forum!?" Again, those who write in this way did not guess. IPS is a type of TFT. Same as TN, PLS, VA, MVA, PVA, etc. TFT screens are sometimes erroneously called TN displays, which really do not serve the picture quality-of all TFT choices, they have the worst color rendering, the lowest brightness and contrast, and a very limited viewing angle. On the other hand, TN screens are known for their low cost, fast response and high refresh rate.

The next step is the development of active matrix technology, which eliminates the main shortcomings of TN. Change the position of the crystal and the voltage point on the battery to make the black become true black. When looking at the screen from the side, the color is the same as when looking at the front. In addition, the IPS screen has significantly improved color reproduction and increased overall brightness and contrast, but compared with TN, the response speed has decreased. Today, IPS is being developed in parallel by three companies-Panasonic (which took over the "baton" from Hitachi, the developer of the first version), NEC and LG. Each version and generation of the technology has its own characteristics and names. The product lineup of Hitachi and Panasonic includes: IPS (Super TFT), S-IPS (Super-IPS), AS-IPS (Advanced super-IPS), IPS-Pro (IPS-provectus, IPS alpha, IPS alpha next gen). The development of NEC is named: SFT (Super Fine TFT), A-SFT (Advanced SFT), SA-SFT (Super-advanced SFT), UA-SFT (Ultra-advanced SFT). The names of LG products are: S-IPS (Super-IPS), AS-IPS (Advanced super-IPS), H-IPS (Horizontal IPS), E-IPS (Enhanced IPS), P-IPS (Professional IPS) ), AH-IPS (Advanced High Performance IPS).

All developers are improving technology in the same direction. This is the reduction of response time, the increase of contrast, color depth and naturalness, the improvement of viewing angle, the elimination of color distortion, the reduction of power consumption, and most importantly-the reduction of matrix production costs. In recent years, IPS screen computer monitors have "followed TN" in response speed, and can be used not only for professional graphics cards, but also for dynamic games. Most users, except perhaps professionals in the field of graphics and design, will not notice the difference in pictures on IPS monitors of different brands, but there are also considerable differences between their budget and the high-end version. LG's P-IPS and AH-IPS matrix reproduce the highest image quality. They are the most expensive. VA / MVA / PVA Matrix VA, MVA and PVA occupy the middle position between TN and IPS in terms of image quality and price. Compared with TN, they have a wider viewing angle, more accurately convey the depth and naturalness of colors, and they are cheaper than IPS. However, these types of screens are not widely used. They are used to produce monitors for personal computers and budget TV series. There are several types of LED LCD backlight technology. They differ in color, the position of the LEDs on the LCD panel, and the way they dim. A backlight with only white LEDs is called WLED. Its structure is relatively simple, but its color gamut is limited. RGB LED backlights based on red, green and blue LEDs cover a wider range of colors than WLEDs, but are prone to degradation (different color diodes decay at different rates), are heavy and expensive. GB-R LED is the next step in the development of LCD, in which green + blue combination LEDs covered with red phosphors (self-luminous pigments) are used instead of white LEDs. This solution allows us to cover 99% of the RGB palette and get rid of the shortcomings of RGB LEDs. GB-R LED technology is used in AH-IPS and PLS matrix. The RB-G LED is a variation of the previous type of backlight. It is not a blue-green LED, but a red-blue LED covered with green phosphor.

According to the position of the light-emitting elements on the LCD panel, LED backlights are divided into the following types: Edge LED-LEDs are arranged linearly around the periphery of the screen. This is economical, but does not provide uniform illumination and acceptable contrast levels. Direct LED-LED array is distributed throughout the display area. This technology provides a more realistic picture, but this type of panels consumes a lot of energy and is thick, which makes them difficult to install on ultra-thin TVs. Side lighting-Diodes are located only at the edges of the screen, and light guides connected to them provide illumination. This type of backlight is considered the best because it provides uniformity comparable to that of direct LEDs without its disadvantages. The three types of backlights are divided into two types-support local dimming (Local Dimming) and dynamic contrast (DCR), or not. Local dimming and DCR screens look more realistic. OLED and AMOLED Although the concept of OLED is the same as that of LED, it actually has nothing in common with LED. OLED (ø rganic large flying e mitting d IODE)-an element capable of emitting light through electric current-this shows the manufacturing technology based on the performance of organic semiconductors. Each sub-pixel on an OLED screen is a separate organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Unlike LCDs, OLED panels do not require backlighting because they will light up with each point. Other characteristics and characteristics of OLED and LED: Due to the small number of layers, the thickness is small and the weight is light. Unlimited viewing angle. Even lighting. The fastest response time. flexibility. Significantly improve brightness, contrast and color saturation. Low sensitivity to external temperature, but high sensitivity to moisture. The service life is short and there is a tendency for degradation: the burn-out speed of blue diodes is 3 times faster than that of red, and almost 10 times faster than that of green. The dependence of resource consumption on screen brightness-the higher it is, the faster the fading will occur. Sensitivity to mechanical damage. A small defect can cause the screen to fail completely. Flicker is achieved by applying PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to brightness control. The OLED screen uses PWM as an option. High price.